Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. It is associated with infertility and increased risks of heart disease and diabetes. Three main features with PCOS are:
irregular periods
excess male hormones
ovaries that produce multiple physiologic cysts
Symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Excess body and facial hair (Hirsutism)
Irregular or infrequent ovulation - periods may be either more or less frequent than normal
Obesity
Acne and oily skin
Infertility
Ovarian Cysts
Insulin resistance and an increased risk for diabetes
Hair loss
Acanthosis Nigricans - darkening of the skin on the back of the neck
Etiology The reason that women develop PCOS is not known. Genetics are probably a factor.
Diagnosis The diagnosis of PCOS is made based upon history and physical characteristics, ultrasound findings, and blood work for hormonal levels.
Treatment There is no cure for PCOS. Treatment is tailored to each woman depending upon individual characteristics and needs.
Irregular periods
Combination oral contraceptives or intermittent progesterone may be utilized to regulate menstrual cycles. Women should menstruate at least four times each year if not on oral contraceptives, to reduce the long-term risk of developing uterine cancer.
Acne and Hirsutism
Combination oral contraceptives reduce the amount of unwanted hair, and improve facial acne. Spironolactone is a mild diuretic that also reduced excess hair production.
Obesity
Many women with PCOS have a blunted response to insulin, similar to adult onset diabetes. Glucophage, an oral medication for diabetes, along with a reduced calorie/reduce carbohydrate diet, and regular exercise, can be quite effective in achieving weight loss.
Infertility
Fertility is impaired in PCOS because the imbalance in hormones interferes with normal ovulation. Glucophage, Clomiphene citrate, estrogen and progesterone/Prochieve utilized together can be quite effective in restoring fertility.
